http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/cb3b94e84450bacda9425147bbb1bdd2.png 438ebf66925ba064d900d526e3450165 http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/cd732608a65784decb0338fb4c44f3b8.png 72ccd5408d74ae9032655e9ddbf04ab7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2. Crafting the Codex; The Humanist Scribe at Work Subject The topic of the resource The Humanist Scribe at Work Description An account of the resource The renewal of interest in Greco-Roman antiquity that characterized the Renaissance was a gradual process of intellectual and material rediscovery. As works by ancient authors were being uncovered, translated, and edited, so too were the physical vehicles through which these ancient texts were transmitted—manuscripts from the high Middle Ages—examined and copied anew. The most prominent early figure to carefully consider older manuscripts was Francis Petrarch (1304– 74), whose own handwriting remained anchored in the upright, angular forms of Gothic textualis script. His call for the reform of writing was taken up a generation later by the chancellor of Florence Coluccio Salutati (1331–1406), who helped to develop a simplified semi-Gothic script, which remained in use throughout the fifteenth century. But it was Salutati’s young protégé Poggio Bracciolini (1380–1459) who developed a reformed script based on the Caroline minuscule, a highly legible style of lettering first devised in the late eighth century. Within a few years, the scholar-bibliophile Niccolò Niccoli (1364–37) had produced a more flowing, cursive humanistic script, and it was Niccoli’s cursive that was adapted as the now-standard Italic font by the Venetian printer Aldus Manutius. Italian scribes adopted these innovations rapidly, but diffusion beyond the Italian peninsula was slow, though isolated examples written in France do survive. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Nicholas Herman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Making the Renaissance Manuscript; Discoveries From Philadelphia Libraries Catalogue Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition Catalogue Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>De primo bello punico</em> (On the First Punic War) Description An account of the resource Arezzo-born historian and statesman Leonardo Bruni (ca. 1370–1444) is credited with instigating the tripartite vision of history made up of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and Modernity. His synthetic work on the First Punic War (264–41 BC), completed in 1420, became wildly popular. Some 160 manuscripts preserve the original text, with many in the early Italian translation. This copy of Bruni’s text was written in 1444 by the Milanese scribe Milano Borro (act. ca. 1430–50), one of the first practitioners of the <em>littera antiqua</em> in Milan. The true recipient of this copy of Bruni’s text was Gian Matteo Bottigella, secretary to Filippo Maria and later secret councillor to his successor, Gian Galeazzo Sforza. The escutcheon bearing his arms in the lower margin has been obliterated, but the crowned, gilded initials of his double-barreled first name are visible above it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Author: Leonardo Bruni; Scribe: Milano Borro; Illuminator: Master of Ippolita Sforza Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1444 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Manuscript on parchment, 78 fols. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The Free Library of Philadelphia, Lewis E 54 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Milan, Italy