http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/7122a06409d8b9ebbc16f4b71d2fb4a4.png 2389f1e68960406c4a5bf9ec350ed1e7 http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/43f59ebe08f2b960fc0d52b79e8fb6c7.png 543b62dec19a2431b3da688e71982453 http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/33cadb51704b0ffa5897602612ed63a8.png 827ccc0eab20e9813713bca0d2ff5825 http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/bad10ca53d357bd868bae32c9499f305.png 1066db44c79381537f66e08b43e9ffaa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 13. Transmitting Knowledge; Tradition and Innovation in Medicine Subject The topic of the resource Tradition and Innovation in Medicine Description An account of the resource As with astronomy, medical knowledge in the postclassical world remained predominantly structured by the canonical works of classical authors. The theories of the Greek physician Galen (129– ca. 199/216) were rooted in far older treatises ascribed to Hippocrates (469–399 BC) and based upon analogies between the elements (fire, water, air, and earth), the four bodily fluids or humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile), and the four qualities (hot, cold, dry, and wet). These concepts remained dominant into the early modern period; physicians considered disease to be the result of humoral imbalances and prescribed vegetal or mineral concoctions as remedies. The voluminous Canon of Medicine, written by the most renowned physician of the medieval Islamic world, Avicenna (980–1037), was considered the definitive medical encyclopedia by Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike. It was translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona (ca. 1114–87), and scholars of Jewish origin played a key role in its continued transmission, revision, and adaptation. This culture of translation allowed precepts specific to Hellenic, Latin, and Muslim practitioners to be shared and synthesized. Often serving as court physicians, Jews were instrumental in transmitting medical knowledge to the intellectual centers of Northern Italy. Scholarly translations and commentaries in Latin and Hebrew, especially those based upon Greek or Arabic texts, were widespread. The vernacularization of medical knowledge was a key element in its application beyond merely the theoretical sphere. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Nicholas Herman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Making the Renaissance Manuscript; Discoveries From Philadelphia Libraries Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition Catalogue Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Erbario</em> (Herbal) Description An account of the resource Illustrated herbals were in the Middle Ages linked to chains of exempla, diminishing the fidelity of their images to nature. Its 192 illustrations testify to the gradual shift away from an earlier, conventional representational system, toward a more naturalistic style that came to predominate by the century’s end. The first group of specimen images from the first half of the fifteenth century are often visually unrecognizable. The roots, for example, are given special prominence, sometimes incorporating fantastical anthropomorphic creatures, as in the drawings of a female mandragora or a blue-faced woad plant. The commentary text, present for about a quarter of the plants, describes preparations and predicted medicinal properties. Most of the medicinal notes are in Italian, though some are in Latin and a few mix the two languages. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15th c. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Manuscript on paper, 100 fols. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context University of Pennsylvania, Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection, LJS 419 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Veneto (?), Italy