http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/40ae0535b8b9bab038f25b083d32f249.png 92fe6300faf9073dbb017b5c12837d13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 10. Transmitting Knowledge; The Trivium: Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric Subject The topic of the resource The Trivium: Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric Description An account of the resource Beginning in Late Antiquity, scholars in the Latin world classified higher learning into seven distinct branches. As outlined in Martianus Capella’s early fifth-century allegory, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii, these consisted of grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. This set of learned mental activities, intended to be performed by free men, were henceforth known as the liberal arts, in direct contrast with the manually performed mechanical arts. The philosopher Boethius (ca. 477–524) devised a curriculum that divided the liberal arts into a more elementary linguistic trivium (grammar, rhetoric, and logic) and a more advanced, numerological quadrivium (arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, and music). Emphasis on the bifurcation of the trivium and quadrivium was further strengthened at the court of Charlemagne (768–814), and the Emperor himself is known to have followed this course of study, aided by Alcuin of York (ca. 732–804) and other scholars present at his court. The seven-part structure was largely replicated in medieval universities, even as the applied disciplines of law, medicine, and theology came to the fore. Though the rigid medieval conception of the liberal arts, especially concerning the trivium, was highly theoretical, humanist thinkers approached the learning of language, argumentation, and morality in somewhat more practical terms. Beyond Florence and the other Italian city-states, new patterns of learning took hold. Even Aristotelian study, a staple of medieval scholastic learning, came under the influence of new Greek learning and the Neoplatonic Academy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Nicholas Herman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Making the Renaissance Manuscript; Discoveries From Philadelphia Libraries Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition Catalogue Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Epistolae ad familiares (Letters to Friends) Description An account of the resource The recovery of ancient collections of letters provided new stylistic models for humanists eager to break with the medieval formularies that had until then structured letter-writing practices. Petrarch had uncovered Cicero’s Epistolae ad Atticum in 1345 in Verona, but it was only in 1392 that Coluccio Salutati brought to light the entire sixteen books that make up the Epistolae ad familiares. Beyond its exemplary style of Latin prose, this collection of letters provided invaluable historical information concerning the final years of the Roman Republic. The writing of the book was completed in Ferrara on 12 March 1468 by Gregorio Martinello de Buccassolo, as noted in the closing colophon. Little is known regarding the scribe, Gregorio Martinello, though he appears to have been a schoolmaster in Finale Emilia, just west of Ferrara, and seems to have transcribed a copy of Federico Frezzi’s epic poem of circa 1400, the Quadriregio. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Author: Cicero; Scribe: Gregorio Martinello (colophon on fol. 174v) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1468 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Manuscript on parchment, 175 fols. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The Free Library of Philadelphia, Lewis E 66 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ferrara, Italy