http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/da1bc8d040e69349027b855da635d00a.png 13c302a8f52c41d36b16ca089f20a120 http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/1cc89f1e0eb337f951ce77c1d2919f26.png 1bd72344bb9d4272f66594e6174d1043 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. Crafting the Codex; Authors, Patrons and Bibliophiles Subject The topic of the resource Authors, Patrons and Bibliophiles Description An account of the resource The high labor and material costs of producing a manuscript meant that often it was created with a specific patron in mind. This was especially true as the age of print dawned. Across Europe, a new class of ambitious, clerically trained professionals arose in tandem with church and state bureaucracies. With penmanship approaching that of professional scribes, such individuals were capable of producing autograph works of their own writings to present to rulers, who held out the prospect of gifts or regular employment in return. The longstanding French courtly tradition of the New Year’s gift or <em>étrenne</em> gave certain authors a strategic opportunity to present their works to patrons. Sometimes, these brief works would make it into print soon after they were penned. Others remain unpublished to this day and survive only in the manuscripts presented here; for example, the first item in the exhibition was offered to the Queen of France by a prominent author, Jean Lemaire de Belges. The first individuals capable of crafting a truly personal collection of books were born of this age. Rulers such as Charles V of France (r. 1364–80) set the stage for the great princely libraries of the following centuries. The foundation of the Vatican Library by Nicholas V in 1451 was a defining event; one item shown here was present in the library during its early years. By the sixteenth century, manuscript books began to have an allure all their own and could be sought privately by non-noble aficionados. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Nicholas Herman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Making the Renaissance Manuscript; Discoveries From Philadelphia Libraries Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition Catalogue Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>Litterarum simulationis liber </em>(Book of Cyphers) Description An account of the resource This is the presentation copy of a work on cryptography made for Alfonso da Borgia (1378–1458) during his three-year reign as Pope Callixtus III. The text demonstrates two methods for encrypting text based on alternate words supplied in tables, to which both communicating parties would have exclusive access. During his brief pontificate, Callixtus was preoccupied with countering Ottoman Turkish advances in the Mediterranean, calling for a new crusade in the wake of the fall of Constantinople. The intricate bianchi girari or white-vine decorations, depicted here on the manuscript’s first folio, were created by Gioacchino di Giovanni di Gigantibus (act. ca. 1450–85). Originally from Rothenberg, this professional illuminator worked for members of the papal court from 1448 onward, and his involvement indicates that Zopello was in Rome to coordinate the production of his manuscript. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Author: Michele Zopello; Illuminator: Gioacchino di Giovanni di Gigantibus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1455–58 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Manuscript on parchment, 20 fols. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context University of Pennsylvania, Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection, LJS 225 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Probably made in Rome