<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="25" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/items/show/25?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-04-22T19:10:42+00:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="62">
      <src>http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/7ecf7206cd4a52209bf4ba143aecaa01.png</src>
      <authentication>a6fd48ff8d195be6944e6f2eeb750bdb</authentication>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <collection collectionId="4">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22">
                <text>4. Crafting the Codex; From Pen to Press and Back Again</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23">
                <text>From Pen to Press and Back Again</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="24">
                <text>The invention (in the European context) of movable type in the Rhine Valley around 1455 was a pragmatic technological response to a centuries-long buildup in the demand for books. Logically, the first printers sought to have their editions resemble manuscripts as much as possible. Since the ability to print in multiple colors remained limited, decorations were frequently added by hand after printing. Accordingly, the classically inspired &lt;em&gt;all’antica&lt;/em&gt; vocabulary explored in the previous section could be carefully applied around the printed text block, as was done for handwritten books. Techniques for printing images had been developed toward the beginning of the fifteenth century, first through the woodcut technique and later through engraving. However, for high- output purposes like the mass printing of Books of Hours that occurred in Paris from the 1480s onwards, metalcuts were used. The quick coloring and gilding of these replicated images could result in a remarkably manuscript-like appearance. In other cases, a new printed volume could be joined to an existing manuscript. These flexible compendia were a useful means of transmitting specific information and a reminder that simply because a printed edition existed did not mean it was universally accessible. Such a variety of options, all commonly practiced in the first century of print, disproves the traditional idea that Gutenberg’s discovery heralded an abrupt rupture with the manuscript tradition. Manuscript transmission remained a mainstay, and, indeed, its ongoing practice in the age of print allowed it to take on new meanings.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="25">
                <text>Dr. Nicholas Herman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="26">
                <text>Making the Renaissance Manuscript; Discoveries From Philadelphia Libraries</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28">
                <text>Exhibition Catalogue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="268">
              <text>Hybrid book of letters of Poliziano, Symmachus, and Laudivio</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="269">
              <text>This printed collection of letters by the Florentine philologist and poet Agnolo Ambrogini, known as Poliziano (1454–94), has been supplemented with hand-copied writings by him and his friends. This multipart book or sammelband was assembled in Germany, demonstrating the far reach of the humanist epistolary style in Northern Europe. The printed text of the first half of the volume was published in Antwerp in 1514 by Dirk Martens, the Flemish editor of Erasmus and Thomas More. It consists of Poliziano’s exemplary Latin letters to humanist prelates and leaders, including the Florentine rulers Lorenzo and Piero de’ Medici, the philosopher Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Duke of Milan Ludovico Sforza, the printer Aldus Manutius, and Pope Innocent VIII. Following the printed text are manuscript versions of seventeen letters sent to Poliziano or exchanged among his friends. The manuscript section also includes two orations by Poliziano. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="270">
              <text>Author: Agnolo Ambrogini</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="40">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="271">
              <text>ca. 1511–14 </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="42">
          <name>Format</name>
          <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="272">
              <text>Printed book on paper, 208 fols.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="43">
          <name>Identifier</name>
          <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="273">
              <text>University of Pennsylvania, Ms. Codex 1591</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="38">
          <name>Coverage</name>
          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="274">
              <text>Germany (?)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
</item>
