http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/fe5e8f31e319f5bbbfb4a326c6dc5c79.png 77d82109afdf560e4ca9a837a60c4fa6 http://makingrenmanuscripts.exhibits.library.upenn.edu/files/original/e1ae72a50bf63f31c5835d3689660eee.png 7216ced610f6b3baeb07893f71ae0c2a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4. Crafting the Codex; From Pen to Press and Back Again Subject The topic of the resource From Pen to Press and Back Again Description An account of the resource The invention (in the European context) of movable type in the Rhine Valley around 1455 was a pragmatic technological response to a centuries-long buildup in the demand for books. Logically, the first printers sought to have their editions resemble manuscripts as much as possible. Since the ability to print in multiple colors remained limited, decorations were frequently added by hand after printing. Accordingly, the classically inspired <em>all’antica</em> vocabulary explored in the previous section could be carefully applied around the printed text block, as was done for handwritten books. Techniques for printing images had been developed toward the beginning of the fifteenth century, first through the woodcut technique and later through engraving. However, for high- output purposes like the mass printing of Books of Hours that occurred in Paris from the 1480s onwards, metalcuts were used. The quick coloring and gilding of these replicated images could result in a remarkably manuscript-like appearance. In other cases, a new printed volume could be joined to an existing manuscript. These flexible compendia were a useful means of transmitting specific information and a reminder that simply because a printed edition existed did not mean it was universally accessible. Such a variety of options, all commonly practiced in the first century of print, disproves the traditional idea that Gutenberg’s discovery heralded an abrupt rupture with the manuscript tradition. Manuscript transmission remained a mainstay, and, indeed, its ongoing practice in the age of print allowed it to take on new meanings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Nicholas Herman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Making the Renaissance Manuscript; Discoveries From Philadelphia Libraries Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition Catalogue Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <em>De civitate Dei</em> (City of God) Description An account of the resource This copy of Saint Augustine’s City of God is an example of the involvement of traditional illuminators with the new technology of printing. This third edition copy was printed in Italy by the German printers Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz. The two business partners were the first to establish a press outside of German-speaking lands, and by 1467, they had moved in search of greater economic opportunities to Rome, where the present volume was printed. Adapting to their translapine audience, Sweynheym and Pannartz abandoned the Gothic typeface used in Northern Europe, developing a semi-Roman type, followed by a fully Roman version, upon their move to the papal city. Most remarkably, this incunable’s secondary decoration was added not in Italy, but in France. The figures in the illuminated initials in particular are attributed to the workshop of François Le Barbier in the later part of the fifteenth century. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Author: Saint Augustine; Printers: Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz, 1470 (Goff A-1232; ISTC ia01232000); Illuminator: follower of François Le Barbier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1470 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illuminated book printed on paper, 294 fols. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context University of Pennsylvania, Folio Inc A-1232 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rome, Italy